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Viola

 


The viola is sometimes considered the poor relation of the string family, which is hardly surprising: the double bass occupies the role of the orchestra’s grandfather, the violin leads the ensemble, and the cello is used in many different ways thanks to its beautiful, warm tone. The viola, however, often buried within the string section, rarely has the opportunity to shine as a solo instrument.

The viola is larger than the violin, although it does not have a fixed size, as it is made in several different dimensions. In general, it closely resembles the violin in shape, but it differs in range, tone color, and musical role. The viola bow is also slightly longer and heavier than the violin bow.

The lowest string of the viola is C (C3), one octave below middle C, and the instrument is tuned in perfect fifths: C, G, D, and A. The open strings of the viola have the same names as those of the cello, but they sound one octave higher.

The name “viola” was originally used for the viola da gamba, an instrument held between the legs. However, it was the viola da braccio that was the true ancestor of both the violin and the modern viola, since it was supported on the shoulder.

In general, the viola has been used primarily as an instrument that supports rhythm and harmony in symphonic and chamber music. When it appears as a solo instrument, it reveals a unique tone color, due to its slightly nasal sound, which can become particularly dark and mysterious.

Toward the end of the eighteenth century, the popularity of the viola increased as musicians began to recognize the distinctive beauty of its tone. Hector Berlioz, in his work Harold in Italy, wrote a magnificent and pioneering part for solo viola, helping to establish the instrument’s expressive potential.


How the Viola Works

The viola functions in much the same way as the violin, with the main difference being its lower pitch. When the bow is drawn across the strings, the air inside the body of the instrument vibrates and amplifies the sound. The volume of the sound depends on a combination of bow pressure, bow speed, and the point of contact between the bow and the string.

For notes of long duration, the full length of the bow is used, while shorter notes are produced with brief bow strokes. As with the violin, pizzicato is produced by plucking the string with the fingers. Before playing, the performer applies a special resin, known as rosin, to the horsehair of the bow in order to create sufficient friction and set the strings into vibration.




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