MusiLLection

Johann Strauss II , celebrated for his waltzes and lively dance music, followed a distinctive creative approach. He consistently sought contemporary and recognizable themes as the inspiration for his compositions, ensuring that his music remained fresh and closely connected to the everyday experiences of his audiences. A characteristic example of this approach can be found in Vergnügungszug (Pleasure Train), a fast polka ( Polka schnell ) composed in 1864. The work was written for one of the famous summer concerts Strauss conducted in Pavlovsk, near St. Petersburg, where he spent several seasons presenting new compositions. For this particular piece, Strauss drew inspiration from a symbol of modern progress at the time: the steam locomotive. The composition vividly captures the energy and motion of a train in full operation. Its driving rhythm evokes the steady chugging of a steam engine, while short, repeated figures suggest the mechanical movement of the wheels along the tracks. Str...

Recording techniques were, unfortunately, not yet invented when Franz Liszt conquered Europe with his mesmerizing pianistic performances. As a result, his dazzling interpretations were fleeting, and we are left only with written testimonies that describe him as a pianist of unconventional virtuosity. His recitals were events that provoked overwhelming excitement and almost religious admiration. Liszt’s focus on virtuosic display, along with his dedication to pianistic “showpieces” and transcriptions of works by other composers, initially prevented his recognition as a truly inspired composer. Nevertheless, no careful observer of musical evolution can doubt the impact he had on the expression of his time. His symphonic poems anticipated new forms of musical art, while his instrumental works paved the way for the innovations of Wagner , Mahler, and Richard Strauss. The daring harmonies of his mature piano compositions even foreshadow elements of Debussy’s impressionism. Liszt loved m...

Although Requiem was a religious work, it was presented more in concert halls than in churches . Giuseppe Verdi composed his celebrated Messa da Requiem in honor of his close friend Alessandro Manzoni, the eminent Italian poet, writer, and humanist, who passed away in 1873. The Requiem is a powerful fusion of intense drama and profound passion, interspersed with moments of serene reverence. Verdi conducted the first performance at St. Mark's Church in Milan on May 22, 1874, on the first anniversary of Manzoni's death. A Revolutionary Composition Verdi’s Requiem was revolutionary in several respects. Traditionally, a requiem is a prayer of the living for the dead, but Verdi’s work engages both the living and the dead, giving it a dramatic, almost theatrical quality. Written for four solo voices—soprano, mezzo-soprano, tenor, and bass—alongside a full choir and orchestra, it follows the structure of the Roman Catholic Latin Mass for the Dead. The libretto draws directly fro...

Strauss often played in the glittering Imperial balls, conducting the orchestra and playing the first violin at the same time.   The majestic Emperor Waltz by Johann Strauss II was composed to celebrate the 40th anniversary of Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph’s reign in 1888. Strauss, Music Director of the Imperial Court’s Dance Hesperides from 1863 to 1872, occasionally wrote pieces for imperial anniversaries, and this waltz stands out as one of his most iconic ceremonial works. The waltz’s ingenious melody, originally orchestrated for full orchestra, was so adaptable that Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg arranged it for a chamber ensemble of four or five instruments in 1925. Tender and somewhat melancholic, the Emperor Waltz often gazes nostalgically toward old Vienna. It celebrates the majesty and dignity of the emperor, devoted to his people, while blending ceremonial grandeur with lyrical charm. The piece opens with a majestic march that soon swells into a full orchestra...

Portrait of Maurice Ravel Maurice Ravel was born on 7 March 1875 in the small fishing village of Ciboure, in the Basque region near the Franco-Spanish border. This cultural crossroads—half French, half Spanish—would quietly shape his artistic imagination for the rest of his life. His father, Pierre-Joseph Ravel, was a French engineer of Swiss descent: a man of precision, mechanics, and invention. His mother, Marie Delouart, was Basque, warm and expressive, deeply rooted in Spanish culture and song. Their meeting—during her work on the Spanish railways—brought together two contrasting worlds: discipline and lyricism, structure and instinct. In many ways, Maurice Ravel would spend his life reconciling these same opposites in music. The parents of Maurice Ravel, Pierre-Joseph Ravel and Marie Delouart. Only a few months after his birth, the family moved to Paris. Ravel’s childhood was happy and intellectually nurturing. His parents encouraged both their sons—Maurice and his younger broth...

Carl Maria von Weber composed the opera Euryanthe between 1822 and 1823, with its premiere in Vienna on October 25, 1823. The work was based on a 13th-century French medieval tale. The year of its debut saw Vienna enthralled with Italian operas, particularly those of Rossini . Although the initial reception was enthusiastic, Euryanthe ran for only twenty performances, with criticism directed at the libretto’s verbosity and the opera’s length. The poet Helmina von Chézy’s wordy libretto was largely blamed, and even Franz Schubert reportedly remarked, “This is not music.” Nevertheless, the overture stands as an outstanding example of orchestral writing and remains one of Weber’s most admired compositions. The overture opens with an energetic and cheerful phrase. Oboe and clarinet, supported by horns and trombones, introduce a theme of three emphatic notes, followed by a shorter ascending group of notes with a pronounced rhythm. The violins soon return vigorously, presenting a new mel...

George Frideric Handel ’s  Water Music , one of the composer’s most celebrated and enduring works, was first performed on the evening of Wednesday, July 17, 1717. Fifty musicians sailed alongside King George I and his entourage as the royal yacht led a grand flotilla along the Thames from Lambeth to Chelsea. Captivated by Handel’s compositions, the King famously ordered the orchestra to repeat the performance  three times , with the musicians finally allowed to stop at 2 a.m. Suite I in F major (HWV 348) A page from the score of Handel's Water Music written in 1717. This work is the most popular and most beloved of all his numerous compositions. Overture (Largo – Allegro) Adagio e staccato Allegro – Andante – Allegro da capo Passepied Air Minuet Bourrée Hornpipe Andante Allegro Hornpipe Handel’s masterful use of the French horn in this suite reflects the grandeur of the royal Thames procession. The Overture (Largo – Allegro) opens with a s...

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky ’s 1812 Overture embodies Russia’s national spirit, celebrating the nation’s triumphant victory over Napoleon. In 1880, while working on the radiant Serenade for Strings , Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky undertook the composition of a “ceremonial introduction” for an exhibition of industrial art in Moscow. For its subject, he chose Napoleon’s campaign against Russia—an episode that culminated in the decisive victory of the Russian army. Originally conceived for outdoor performance, the composer imagined the piece as something “very loud and noisy.” Over time, however, this ceremonial introduction evolved into one of his most famous and frequently performed concert works. Despite its title, the 1812 Overture is not an introduction to a larger composition. It is a self-contained orchestral work that vividly narrates the events of 1812: the invasion of Russia by Napoleon’s forces, followed by their catastrophic retreat and defeat during the harsh Russian winter. Alt...

The two Arabesques for solo piano were composed between 1888 and 1891, a formative period in the life of Claude Debussy , when he was living in the vibrant Parisian district of Montmartre. At the time, Montmartre was a meeting point for young artists, poets, painters, and musicians, whose bohemian lifestyle created an atmosphere charged with imagination, freedom, and experimentation. Debussy absorbed this spirit deeply, transforming it into music that evokes lightness, movement, and refined sensuality. Although these works belong to Debussy’s early creative years, they already reveal essential traits of his musical personality: fluid melodic lines, delicate harmonic colour, and a fascination with suggestion rather than direct statement. The Arabesques were written for solo piano, the instrument through which Debussy first explored new sound worlds and subtle tonal nuances. Both pieces—one in E major and the other in G major—are inspired by the ornamental principles of Islamic art, pa...

Portrait of Georg Philipp Telemann , one of the most influential and widely admired composers of the Baroque era. In his own lifetime, the German composer Georg Philipp Telemann enjoyed even greater popularity than his contemporary and fellow townsman Johann Sebastian Bach . A telling example of his stature is the fact that Telemann was first offered the prestigious post of Kantor at the Church of St. Thomas in Leipzig. Only his refusal—prompted by Hamburg’s efforts to retain him—ultimately led to Bach’s appointment to the position. Baroque music found in Telemann a composer of remarkable originality and freedom. Inspired, versatile, and exceptionally accomplished, he possessed an enviable ability to engage creatively with every musical genre of his time. Sacred and secular, instrumental and vocal music held no secrets for him. The works that have survived bear undeniable witness to this breadth, inspiring admiration both for their stylistic variety and their sheer abundance. Telem...

The Piano Concerto in G major was composed between 1929 and 1931 and stands as one of the final creative statements of Maurice Ravel . At the time, the composer was already suffering from serious health problems and did not appear as soloist at the premiere, though he conducted the orchestra. The concerto would become his penultimate completed work, a brilliant synthesis of elegance, rhythm, and colour. Ravel famously claimed that the concerto was written “in the spirit of Mozart and Saint-Saëns,” emphasizing clarity, balance, and formal precision. Yet the musical language of the work reveals a far richer palette of influences. Echoes of Igor Stravinsky ’s rhythmic vitality, the jazz idioms of  George Gershwin , and the composer’s deep connection to the Spanish folk traditions of the Basque Country all coexist within a refined classical framework. Μovements : Ι. Allergamente The concerto opens without an orchestral introduction. The piano enters almost immediately, while the fi...